This chapter analyses the ambiguous presence of religious agents as service providers in Swedish state institutions, which are supposed to be secular; hospitals, prisons, the military and public schools. ; Artykuł stanowi analizę rozwiązań dotyczących obecności posług religijnych w szwedzkich instytucjach państwowych, takich jak szpitale, więzienia, wojsko i szkoły publiczne. Stawia przy tym pytania o zgodność tego rodzaju praktyk z zasadą świeckości państwa.
In: Projektet "Från statskyrka till fri folkkyrka - en religionssociologisk, tjänsteteoretisk och teologisk analys inför förändrade relationer mellan svenska kyrkan och staten år 2000" 3
In this paper I test two models of strategic debt behavior. The general idea is that if a government anticipates the possibility of defeat in the next election it will try to use the debt strategically in order to influence the policy of its successor. Previous empirical studies have either rejected the strategic explanation of debt or have not been able to isolate this effect. I argue that these findings are perhaps less surprising since there are several potential difficulties using U.S. or OECD data to test the strategic explanation. One problem with the U.S. data is the scarcity of degrees of freedom while a problem with the OECD data is the pooling assumption. To come to grips with these two problems I use a data set from Swedish local governments. The main advantages of this panel data set are the homogeneity of the sample and the large number of observations from elections, nearly 2000. After controlling for other possible economic and demographic determinants of debt behavior, the main findings of this paper strongly suggest that a right-wing government accumulates more debt during its term of office if it thinks that it will be defeated as compared to when it expects to remain in office. On the other hand, a left-wing government decreases the level of debt the higher the possibility of its defeat. Moreover, the larger the inherited debt the more a newly elected government has to reduce spending and raise taxes. These results are consistent with the predictions from a model developed by Persson and Svensson (1989).
In this paper I test two models of strategic debt behavior. The general idea is that if a government anticipates the possibility of defeat in the next election it will try to use the debt strategically in order to influence the policy of its successor. Previous empirical studies have either rejected the strategic explanation of debt or have not been able to isolate this effect. I argue that these findings are perhaps less surprising since there are several potential difficulties using U.S. or OECD data to test the strategic explanation. One problem with the U.S. data is the scarcity of degrees of freedom while a problem with the OECD data is the pooling assumption. To come to grips with these two problems I use a data set from Swedish local governments. The main advantages of this panel data set are the homogeneity of the sample and the large number of observations from elections, nearly 2000. After controlling for other possible economic and demographic determinants of debt behavior, the main findings of this paper strongly suggest that a right-wing government accumulates more debt during its term of office if it thinks that it will be defeated as compared to when it expects to remain in office. On the other hand, a left-wing government decreases the level of debt the higher the possibility of its defeat. Moreover, the larger the inherited debt the more a newly elected government has to reduce spending and raise taxes. These results are consistent with the predictions from a model developed by Persson and Svensson (1989).
Contents: Preface; The WREP project: genesis, structure and scope, Anders BÃÞckstrÃœm and Grace Davie; Welfare in Western Europe: existing regimes and patterns of change, Eva Jeppsson Grassman; The Church of Sweden: a church for all, especially the most vulnerable, Ninna Edgardh and Per Pettersson; Sacred welfare agents in secular welfare space: the Church of Norway in Drammen, Olav Helge Angell; The church as a place of encounter: communality and the good life in Finland, Anne Birgitta Pessi; The German dilemma: Protestant agents of welfare in Reutlingen, Annette Leis-Peters; The 'in-between' church: church and welfare in Darlington, Martha Middlemiss Lé Mon; Church-state relations in France in the field of welfare: a hidden complementarity, Corinne Valasik; What kind of church? What kind of welfare? Conflicting views in the Italian case, Annalisa Frisina; The disgraceful and the divine in Greek welfare: the cases of Thiva and Livadeia, Effie Fokas and Lina Molokotos-Liederman; A preliminary conclusion: gathering the threads and moving on, Anders BÃÞckstrÃœm and Grace Davie; Appendices; Bibliography; Index
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Die folgenden Links führen aus den jeweiligen lokalen Bibliotheken zum Volltext:
Lebenseinstellungen und Religiosität von Jugendlichen.
Themen: Einschätzung der Religiosität der eigenen Eltern; Bedeutsamkeit der Übernahme des religiösen Glaubens durch die Kinder aus Sicht der Eltern; elterlicher Wunsch der Teilnahme an religiösen Veranstaltungen; Kirchgangshäufigkeit; Einstellung zu Heirat, Taufe und Begräbnis im kirchlichem Rahmen; eigene Taufe, Konfirmation oder heilige Kommunion; Mitgliedschaft in einer kirchlichen Organisation; Selbsteinschätzung als religiös; Häufigkeit des Gebets und der Meditation; Bibelverständnis; Einstellungen zu Gott, Sinn des Lebens und Gefühl der Selbstbestimmung (Skala); Einstellungen zum Verhältnis von Religion und moderner Welt, zu kultureller und religiöser Diversität, zum Verhältnis der Religionen untereinander (Skala); Zustimmung zu folgenden Aussagen: Religion als Sicherheit im Leben, eigene Erfahrung mit Gottesnähe, konkrete Unterstützung durch Gott erfahren, Glaube als Gefühl der Geborgenheit, Glaube als Beistand in bestimmten Situationen, Sinnlosigkeit des Lebens ohne den Glauben; Vorstellungen über den idealen Religionsunterricht (Skala); Zufriedenheit im Gemeindeleben (Gottesdienste, Gemeindemitglieder, besondere Aktivitäten, Angebote für den Nachwuchs, Räumlichkeiten und Ausstattung); Lebensperspektiven (Zukunftspessimismus, eigene Gegenwartsorientierung, Absicherung im Privatleben, zukünftige Herausforderungen, strukturierte Lebensplanung, Nostalgie, Beständigkeit), Wertorientierungen (Autonomie, Menschlichkeit, Selbstkontrolle bzw. -disziplin, Attraktivität, Modernität, Authentizität, Familienorientierung und Berufsorientierung), Wichtigkeit von sozialen Beziehungen (Eltern, Geschwister, Freunde etc.); Einstellungen zu Politik (Gleichgültigkeit, Distanziertheit, Entfremdung, Anomie, Privatsphäre, Beständigkeit, Achtsamkeit, Zukunftschancen der Jugend und Intergenerationen-Konflikt im politischen Bereich); politische Partizipation; Institutionenvertrauen; Einstellung zu Ausländern (Skala); psychologische Selbstcharakterisierung; Einstellungen zu Europa (Skala).
Demographie: Alter (Geburtsjahr); Geschlecht; Schulbildung; Religionszugehörigkeit.
Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Schultyp; staatliche oder Privatschule; Land.
